MAKKAH, — Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan have signed a landmark joint defence agreement aimed at strengthening military cooperation and collective security among the three countries.
The agreement was signed in Makkah during a high-level summit attended by Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, and Prime Minister Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif.
Attack on One to Be Considered an Attack on All
A central provision of the agreement establishes that an armed attack against any one of the three countries will be regarded as an attack against all three, creating a framework for collective deterrence and security cooperation.
The pact builds on existing defence ties between the three countries and is designed to expand cooperation across military and security fields.
Focus on Strategic and Defence Cooperation
The agreement is expected to strengthen trilateral cooperation in areas including military coordination, joint exercises, intelligence sharing and defence technology.
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The three leaders also reaffirmed their commitment to regional peace, security and stability.
The agreement comes amid heightened security tensions in the Middle East, including the continuing conflict involving Iran and its regional allies. Saudi Arabia has recently faced heightened security concerns, while Riyadh has also continued diplomatic efforts to reduce regional tensions.
Agreement Builds on Existing Pakistan-Saudi Defence Ties
The new trilateral arrangement also follows the Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement signed by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in September 2025. That agreement similarly stated that aggression against either country would be considered aggression against both.
The addition of Türkiye gives the new framework a broader regional dimension and could provide a platform for expanded defence cooperation among the three partners.
Officials have described the new pact as defensive in nature rather than directed against any specific country.
A New Phase in Trilateral Relations
The Makkah summit represents a significant development in the strategic relations between Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan.
The three countries have emphasized their historical ties, shared interests and cooperation in promoting regional security. The new agreement provides an institutional framework for deeper defence coordination while potentially opening the door to further regional cooperation.
